Scalar Operations

Operator	Operation	Result
$a =~ /pat/	match	True if $a contains pattern
$a =~ s/p/r/	substitution	Replace contents of p with r in $a
$a =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/	translation	Translate to corresponding characters

Operator	Operation	Result
$a + $b	Add	Sum of $a and $b
$a - $b	Subtract	Difference of $a and $b
$a * $b	Multiply	Product of $a times $b
$a / $b	Divide	Quotient of $a divided by $b
$a % $b	Modulus	Remainder of $a divided by $b
$a ** $b	Exponent	$a to the power $b
++$a $a++	Autoincrement	Add 1 to $a
--$a $a--	Autodecrement	Subtract 1 from $a
rand $a	Random	A random number in range 0 .. $a
abs $a	Absolute	Returns the absolute value of $a
cos $a	Cosine	Returns the cosine of $a
sin $a	Sine	Returns the sine of $a
exp $a	e Exponent	Returns e to the power of $a
int($a)	Integer	Returns the integer portion of $a
log $a	Natural log	Returns the natural log of $a
not $a	Not Negate	Logicl negative of $a
sqrt $a	Square Root	Returns the square root of $a
srand $a	Seed	Set the random number seed
time $a	Seconds	Returns the number of non-leap seconds since epoch

Operator	Operation	Result
$a . $b	Concatenation	Values of $a and $b as one long string
$a x $b	Repeat	Value of $a strung together $b times
substr($a,$o,$l)	Substring	Substring at offset $o of length $l
index($a,$b)	Index	Offset of string $b in string $a
chomp $a	Chomp	Removethe carrage return from the end of $a
chop $a	Chop	Returns the last character in $a
crypt ($a, $s)	Encrypt	Returns the DES encryption of $a using $s as salt
index ($a, $so, $o) rindex ($a, $s, $o)	Index	Returns the position of $s in $a offset by $o index has offset from start of string rindex has offset from end of string
lc $a lcfirst $a	Lower case	Makes $a lower case Only the first character lower case
uc $a ucfirst $a	Upper case	Makes $a upper case Only the first character upper case
length $a	Length	Returns the length of $a
quotemeta $a	Quote	Value of $a is returned with a "\" before all non-alpha characters
substr ($a, $o, $l) substr ($a, $o, $l, $n)	Extract Replace	Returns the sub-string of $a starting at $o the sub-string will be $l characters Replaces the string $a with $n

Operator	Operation	Result
-r $a	Readable	File name in $a is readable by effective uid
-w $a	Writable	Writable by effective uid
-x $a	Executable	Executable by effective uid
-o $a	Owned	Owned by effective uid
-R $a	Readable	Readable by real uid
-W $a	Writable	Writable by real uid
-X $a	Executable	Executable by real uid
-O $a	Owned	Owned by real uid
-e $a	Exists	File exists
-z $a	Non-zero size	File has non-zero size (returns size in bytes)
-s $a	Zero size	File has zero size
-f $a	Regular file	File is a regular file
-d $a	Directory	File is a directory
-l $a	Symbolic link	File is a symbolic link
-p $a	Named pipe	File is a named pipe (FIFO)
-S $a	Socket	File is a socket
-b $a	Block	File is a block special file
-c $a	Character	File is a character special file
-u $a	UID	File has setuid bit set
-g $a	GID	File has setgid bit set
-k $a	Sticky bit	File has sticky bit set
-T $a	Text file	File is a text file
-B $a	Binary	File is a binary file (opposite of -T)
-M $a	Modify	Age of file (at startup) in days since modification
-A $a	Last Access	Age of file (at startup) in days since last access
-C $a	Inode change	Age of file (at startup) in days since inode change